Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy

Evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada neonatus di NICU rumah sakit umum milik pemerintah daerah Banyumas

2023-08-26T02:01:49+00:00

Infection is one of the leading causes of death in neonatal patients. One of the causes of these infectious diseases is bacteria, so antibiotics are the primary therapy in treating infections. The harmful effects of improper administration of antibiotics are pathogenic bacterial resistance, unwanted drug reactions, and inefficient treatment costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of antibiotic use in neonatal patients treated in the Banyumas District Government Hospital NICU from December 2019 to March 2020 by using the Gyssens flow criteria and knowing the outcome of antibiotic use. This research is descriptive and observational. Data obtained from medical records and patient monitoring data with prospective data collection techniques. The inclusion criteria of this study were neonatal patients who were admitted to the NICU and received antibiotics for prophylactic and curative treatment. Total respondent for this study is 56 patients. The Gyssens flow criteria evaluation results were obtained from 53 medical records (94%)tegorized in category 0. There is one medical record each categorized in categories IV D (2%), IV B (2%), and III A (2%). Most of the use of antibiotics is rational. Antibiotics are not a determining factor for the outcome of patients with the same diagnosis and laboratory test results.

Peranan ACE-Inhibitor pada penyakit jantung bawaan

2023-08-26T02:12:55+00:00

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to have the broadest impact of any drug in cardiovascular medicine. Dual role of ACE inhibitors, both preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. ACE inhibitors have an indirect effect on primary prevention by lessening hypertension and decreasing left ventricular hypertrophy, especially in patients with cardiac failure. In children, the causes of cardiac failure are significantly different and many cases are due to congenital malformations, such as left-to-right- shunts. In these patients, the function of both the right and the left ventricles will be affected and these children suffer from high-output cardiac failure. Therefore, in carefully selected patients with congenital heart disease, the response to systemic afterload reduction with ACE inhibitors appears favorable. Nevertheless, a more comprehensive controlled trial to assess the hemodynamic and functional effects of ACE inhibitors in such patients should be undertaken.

Aktivitas antioksidan dan uji sitotoksik infusa daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas)

2023-08-22T03:33:11+00:00

Antioxidants are crucial in preventing cell damage caused by oxidation from oxidants. The use of antioxidants from natural products such as Jatropha curcas leaves can counteract free radicals due to the presence of secondary metabolites. The main aims of the study were to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the infusion of J. curcas leaves. The sample was extracted using the infusion method. A qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using the test tube method, antioxidant assay using the DPPH method and cytotoxic using the BSLT method. The results showed that the infuse of J. curcas leaves contained secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. In the antioxidant activity test, infuse of J. curcas leaves and vitamin C (control) the IC₅₀ was 58.90±2.34 ppm and 8.78±0.21 ppm respectively. The infused cytotoxic test contained an active toxic compound in shrimp larvae with an LC₅₀of 200.28 ppm (LC₅₀ ≤ 1000 ppm). Based on the results of the study, infuse of J. curcas leaves showed potential as an antioxidant and anticancer agent with a strong classification.

Pengaruh penambahan susu kacang kedelai terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia dan mikrobiologi yoghurt

2023-08-22T11:46:31+00:00

The quality of yogurt is affected by the addition of durian fruit puree in milk. The aim of this study is to investigate how different concentrations of soy milk affect the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties of yogurt in comparison to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). This research was conducted by making durian-flavored yogurt with variations of soy milk at concentrations of 8% (F1), 20% (F2), and 25% (F3). Yogurt was analyzed for organoleptic, pH, viscosity, syneresis, lactic acid content, protein content, and the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The data was processed using SPSS one-way ANOVA statistics. The results showed that only the pH value did not meet the requirements of SNI for yogurt, with a range of 3.80-4.50 for all group concentrations. The viscosity numbers of F1, F2, F3, and control were 634.66, 614.66, 608, and 760.66 cp, respectively. F3 has shown the best stability in form based on syneresis results with a value of 91.93% compared to other groups, such as 90.69%, 91.65%, and 89.59% for F1, F2, and control, respectively. Lactic acid and protein compounds of all groups fulfill the SNI standard with a range of 1.7-1.83% and 3,03-3.23%, respectively. Similar results were shown in the LAB standard as well, showing the LAB numbers were >10⁷colonies/gram for all formulas. Soymilk addition increases the protein matrix stability determined in syneresis percentage.

Tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswi Fakultas Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Mataram mengenai menstruasi

2023-09-20T06:47:49+00:00

Menstruation is a physiological event for female adolescents and menstruation is also an indicator of sexual maturity in female adolescents. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of female students of the Teaching and Education Faculty of Mataram University regarding menstruation. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research instrument was a questionnaire distributed online with students of the students of Teaching And Educational Faculty, at Mataram University as respondents who were then analyzed descriptively. Descriptive analysis was carried out for characteristic data and the knowledge level of respondents. The results of the study in the age range of 17 years to 26 years, the average level of knowledge is greater in the age range of 26 years. This can be influenced by the age factor, the older you are, the more knowledge you will get. Meanwhile, at a high level of knowledge, there were 156 people who were included in that category, 43 people who were included in the sufficient category, and 1 person who was included in the low category. level of knowledge about menstruation in students of the teaching and educational faculty shows that 156 people are included in the high category, 43 people are included in the sufficient category, and 1 person is included in the low category.

Aflatoksin: Aspek kesehatan, metode reduksi dan deteksinya

2023-08-25T11:45:37+00:00

Food contaminant aflatoxin is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. This article aims to discover the pathophysiological, immunological, pharmacological, toxicity, and reduction and detection methods of aflatoxin. Kinds of literature were obtained from Research Gate, Pubmed, and Science Direct with the primary keyword “aflatoxin”. Pathophysiologically, aflatoxin-contaminated food has been proven to cause necrosis in liver cells, developing into liver cancer. Immunologically, aflatoxin decreases monocyte and dendritic cell phagocytosis, neutrophil cell ATP production, and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. Aflatoxin toxicity is at the LD₅₀ of 12-16 mg/kg b.w, causing death. Pharmacologically, 120-201 µg/kg b.w causes aflatoxicosis, in vivo studies indicated that NovaSil, Sulfarophan, and Monanthotaxis caffra leaf extract may reduce its toxicity. Aflatoxins are highly thermostable; hence, once food has been contaminated, they cannot be destroyed by normal cooking process. The control and reduction should be conducted in post-harvest handling, common physical means practiced are heating, drying, and smoking. Chemically using ozone, 0.5 sodium bisulfate, 1% sodium hydroxide, 5% acetic acid, and prochloraz. Biologically using Flavobacterium aurantiacum B-184, Bacillus velezensis DY3108, and, a consortium of Geobacillus and Tepidimicrobium bacteria. Aflatoxin can be detected using TLC, HPLC, MS, ELISA, and UHPLC-ESI MS/MS. The prevention of aflatoxin occurrence is done through good post-harvest handling, good manufacturing practices, and applying regulations accordingly to ensure food products and feed are at acceptable levels of aflatoxin.

Formulasi dan uji aktivitas sediaan lotion tabir surya ekstrak etanol 96% bekatul beras merah (Oryza nivara)

2023-08-22T11:51:19+00:00

Brown Rice Bran (Oryza nivara) contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, or terpenoids that can function as an antioxidant activity that can protect the skin from the adverse effects of UV rays of the sun. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. The viscous extract obtained was then subjected to phytochemical screening and SPF test and made into three different concentrations, 5%, 10%, and 15%, which would then be formulated into a sunscreen lotion dosage form. The resulting preparations evaluated the physical quality of lotion preparations in the form of organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, dispersibility tests, and SPF tests of preparations. The results of the SPF test extract with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% showed that the protection produced was in the ultra-category with SPF values respectively 31.1, 40.1, and 45.1. The results of the physical evaluation of the preparation of sunscreen lotion with brown rice bran extract showed that the lotion produced was not homogeneous, and the results of the pH test and dispersion test still met the requirements. Testing the SPF value of lotion preparations showed that the protection produced by each formula was in the maximum to ultra-category with SPF values of 11.7, 14.1, and 16.4, respectively.

Perbandingan biaya terapi hemodialisis dengan peritoneal dialisis di Asia: Narrative review

2023-09-30T04:49:43+00:00

The high prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients increases the demand for dialysis therapy. Studies comparing dialysis modality therapies undergone by CKD patients in the Asian region are still limited. The research objective is to compare the costs of Hemodialysis (HD) and Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) therapies in Asian countries. The review of 4 Asian regions indicates that patients undergoing HD therapy have a higher financial burden than PD therapy. The main costs affecting the high expenses of HD therapy come from the remuneration of healthcare professionals specialized in assisting patients, including doctors, nurses, and technicians. Productivity loss and transportation costs also contribute to HD therapy's higher costs than PD therapy. However, in the Western Asian region, PD therapy costs more than Hemodialysis therapy. PD therapy costs more due to additional direct medical expenses such as filters, bicarbonate cartridges, tubes, acid dialysate, and pyrogen filters.

Analisis mutu fisik, mikrobiologi, dan kandungan metabolit sekunder serbuk instan jamu kunyit asam

2023-08-25T12:24:52+00:00

The lifestyle “back to nature” is growing and in demand by the public. Herbal turmeric tamarind is a herbal product often consumed by the public to reduce pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea). This study aimed to verify the secondary metabolites in the instant herbal turmeric tamarind powder developed by the research team using the thin-layer chromatography method. TLC was identified by extracting instant powder of tamarind turmeric herbs using ethanol, methanol, distilled water, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents. The stationary phase used is a 60 GF ₂₅₄ silica plate and the detection of compounds by UV₂₅₄, UV₃₆₆, and chemical reagents. Identification results were analyzed descriptively by looking at the stains on the plates, calculating the Rf value of each compound, and carrying out a comparative analysis of the literature with reference standards. The results showed that the processed tamarind herbal turmeric instant powder sample of the research team positively contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and curcumin characterized by the presence of colored spots, and the resulting Rf values were the same or close to those of the sample and the standard for each compound.

Pengukuran omega-3 pada ikan penja (Awaous sp.) asal Polewali Mandar Provinsi Sulawesi Barat

2023-10-25T10:01:03+00:00

Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid necessary for human health. It has anti-inflammatory properties, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, and is needed for brain development. The three main omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Penja fish is a typical marine biota of Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi, which is believed to be rich in omega-3. The research aimed to determine the omega-3 content in penja fish (Awaous sp.) from Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi Province. Penja fish was extracted using the Soxhlet method, and then the fatty acid content was analyzed by GC-MS. The results of this study show that penja fish extract (Awaous sp.) contains omega-3 consisting of 2.64% linolenic acid, 0.94% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1.17% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The total omega-3 content in penja fish (Awaous sp.) is 4.75%.