Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy

Influence of extraction method on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) extract

Tubagus Akmal — 2024-09-30

Sappan wood is a botanical species that contains a high concentration of phenolic compounds, which contribute to several pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound-healing activities. In order to achieve phenolic compounds of high quality and quantity, it is crucial to select an appropriate extraction procedure. Plant extraction is an important step for chemical isolation, chemical analysis, and evaluating the biological and pharmacological activities of plant compounds. Therefore, determining the most favorable extraction conditions is a critical undertaking in order to maximize both the quantity of active plant compounds and the extraction yield. This research aimed to compare extraction methods based on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (IC₅₀). The extraction techniques employed include maceration, stirring-assisted extraction (SAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The results show TPC values for maceration, SAE, UAE, and MAE, which are 132.85±1.44, 150.99±1.69, 206.70±6.56, and 115.70±1.44 mg GAE/g DE, respectively. The DPPH antioxidant activity (IC₅₀) values are 32.33±2.64, 25.01±0.34, 20.68±0.29, and 29.18±0.70 µg/mL, respectively. The research findings indicate that various extraction procedures can impact the extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (IC₅₀) of sappan wood, and UAE is the best extraction method.

Antioksidan in vivo buah beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.) berdasarkan penurunan kadar malondialdehid tikus jantan wistar

Nur Alim — 2024-09-30

The aim is to ascertain the in vivo antioxidant activity of beligo fruit flesh ethanol extract based on the measurement of malondialdehyde levels in Wistar male rats generated by used frying oil. The procedure involves macerating 70% ethanol to extract the flesh from beligo fruit and assessing the in vivo antioxidant activity by measuring the amounts of malondialdehyde in fifty Wistar male rats split into 5 groups. Group V received vitamin C at a dose of 27 mg/kgBW, and groups II, III, and IV received an ethanol extract of beligo fruit flesh at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Group I received 1% Na-CMC as a negative control. Using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, malondialdehyde levels were determined using the TBARS test. Statistical data analysis by a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and an Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) follow-up test. Malondialdehyde levels decreased in Group I (19.16%), Group II (78.70%), Group III (82.86%), Group IV (87.76%), and Group V (90.23%) according to the study's findings. The study findings demonstrated the antioxidant potential of beligo fruit flesh ethanol extract at doses of 100 mg, 200 mg/kg BW (p<0.05), and 400 mg/kg BW (p<0.01) in lowering malondialdehyde levels in Wistar male rats.

Optimasi formula sampo ekstrak etanol daun delima (Punica granatum L.) dengan metode Simplex Lattice Design

Syifaul Jannah — 2024-09-30

Anti-dandruff shampoo on the market still uses zinc pyriton which has the side effect of causing hair loss. Pomegranate leaves have strong antifungal activity against dandruff-causing fungi. This research aims to determine the optimum formula and physical properties of pomegranate leaf shampoo preparations with variations of SLS and cocamide DEA. The ethanol extract of pomegranate leaves was extracted by soxhletation and carried out in a tube test. Eight shampoo formula designs were determined using the SLD method. The shampoo was tested for foam height, pH, and viscosity to obtain the optimum formula. The optimum shampoo preparation was tested for physical properties, including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, foam stability, foam height, pH, and viscosity. The results of the test for the physical properties of the optimum shampoo preparation were verified using the SPSS application with the one-sample t-test method. Pomegranate leaf ethanol extract positively contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The optimization results obtained the optimum shampoo formula, namely a combination of SLS 5.5% and cocamide DEA 15.5%. Optimum formula shampoo has a black color, menthol odor, gel form, ingredients mixed homogeneously, foam stability 81.83%, foam height 9.30 ± 0.26 cm, pH 5.91 ± 0.45, and viscosity 1646.66 ± 220.23 cP.

Profil kadar metabolit sekunder: Steroid, alkaloid, dan tanin ekstrak daun bintangur (Calophyllum soulattri)

Hadi Kurniawan — 2024-09-30

Bintangur leaf is one of the potential plants to be developed into a standardized herbal medicine which has many benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The aim of this study is to determine the steroid, tannin, and alkaloids of bintangur leaf extract. Preparation of bintangur leaves was conducted by soxhletation extraction technique with 96% ethanol as solvent. Determination of tannin tannic acid equivalent, and alkaloid quinine equivalent was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. While the analysis of steroid content β-sitosterol equivalent using a TLC Scanner. The results of the analysis showed that steroid content was 11061,49 µgBSE/g, alkaloid was 307,16 µgQE/g, and tannin was 6,586 %w/w TAE.

Aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak herba meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) terhadap Paramphistomum spp.

Baiq Ihda Nanda Safriyana — 2024-09-30

Phyllanthus niruri is traditionally used to treat intestinal worms. The content of flavonoids in Phyllanthus niruri has the potential as an anthelmintic. The aims of study are to identify flavonoid compounds of the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri and determine the anthelmintic activity against Paramphistomum spp. Paramphistomum spp. grouped into positive control (Albendazole 10% w/v), negative control (CMC-Na 0.5% w/v), ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% w/v. For 5 hours, the time and quantity of dead worms were counted every 15 minutes. The average time of death and percentage of worm mortality were then calculate. Differences in average time of death were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney. The results of the test tube and TLC showed the content of flavonoid compounds. Percentage of mortality of Paramphistomum spp. obtained by 100%. Average death time of Paramphistomum spp. at 50, 275, 155, 140, and 115 minutes respectively. Ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri contained flavonoid compounds and has anthelmintic activity with an optimum concentration of 5% w/v although lower than Albendazole 10% w/v (p<0.05).

Optimasi fase gerak dan analisis kadar natrium benzoat pada beberapa sirup rasa jeruk dengan metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (kckt)

Ainil Fithri Pulungan — 2024-09-30

With the increasing growth of food and beverages in Indonesia, there has been an increase in the manufacture of soft drinks that use the preservative sodium benzoate, particularly in syrup. The concentration of sodium benzoate in beverages should be monitored, because excessive consumption can emerge various health problems. To obtain maximum analysis results, mobile phase optimization is first carried out, which aims to obtain the optimal type of eluent from several types of mobile phase, then proceed with adjusting the sodium benzoate content in the orange-flavored syrup using the HPLC method to establish whether it fits the standards in line with the BPOM Regulation No. 11 of 2019. After optimizing the mobile phase, the most optimal mobile phase is Methanol Pro HPLC: Aquabidestilata (70:30), because in this comparison the chromatogram gives the best result the peak shape is symmetrical, tailing factor is less than 2 and the retention time is less than 10 minutesBased on the findings of the third sample research, the sodium benzoate content in orange-flavored syrup meets the requirements of BPOM Regulation No. 11 of 2019, namely 600 mg/kg.

Analisa mutu tablet ibuprofen generik berlogo dan generik bermerek yang diproduksi industri X di Gresik

Oktavia Noer Hidayah Okta — 2024-09-30

Ibuprofen tablets are one of the most widely used antipyretic analgesic drugs for self-medication in pharmacies. According to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), Ibuprofen is included in Class II or drugs with low solubility, but high permeability. This study was carried out to determine the physical quality of branded generic and branded generic ibuprofen drugs. This research was carried out by dissolution testing on ibuprofen tablets. The results obtained from the physical quality test met the specified requirements. The dissolution test showed that Q30 had dissolved more than 70%. The conclusion is that the drug meets the requirements and there is no difference between generic drugs with the logo and branded generics.

Analisis kualitatif bahan kimia obat dalam jamu pegal linu di wilayah kabupaten Grobogan

Anna Sa'dia Azri — 2024-09-30

The use of traditional medicine in Indonesia, particularly jamu, remains very popular and an important part of the public health culture. According to the 2018 Riskesdas data, around 59.12% of the Indonesian population consumes jamu, and 95.6% of them recognize the health benefits obtained from it. Jamu, which is made from various types of plants, has been used for thousands of years to maintain health and treat various diseases. This study used Thin Layer Chromatography to identify Medicinal Chemicals (BKO) in jamu circulating in Grobogan Regency, Central Java. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of medicinal chemicals in traditional herbal medicine. Six samples of jamu pegal linu were tested with Silica Gel 60 F254 stationary phase and different mobile phases for each standard. The results showed that all samples of jamu pegal linu tested did not contain the investigated BKOs, indicating product safety from this aspect.

Analisis waste pada depo rawat jalan dengan menggunakan lean hospital di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Hajar Mataram

Lalu Rizki Fauzi — 2024-09-30

Pharmaceutical installations can provide substantial revenue if managed properly and efficiently. Good or bad service can affect patient satisfaction. For this reason, pharmaceutical installations must improve quality in terms of patient satisfaction, one of which is by reducing waste that occurs in the pharmaceutical service process in hospitals. This study aims to analyze what waste occurs in outpatient depot services to improve service efficiency. This research is descriptive qualitative. Data were obtained through document review, direct observation, interviews. Waste identification uses Value Stream Mapping and Fishbone Diagram to determine the root causes of critical waste that occurs. The results showed that the highest percentage of value added was in the ordinary prescription service of 63.41%, the highest percentage of necessity but non-value added was in the prescription service that required drug distribution from the warehouse unit of 70.79%, and the highest non-value added was in the compounded prescription service process of 36.59%. By using lean hospital, it can be identified that many wastes occur including waiting, transportation, and defects. Increasing service efficiency at the Siti Hajar Mataram Islamic Hospital Outpatient depot can be done by minimizing non-value added activities.

Perkembangan targeted therapy pada kanker payudara dengan pertimbangan luaran biaya dan kualitas hidup: narrative review

Candra Eka Puspitasari — 2024-09-30

Breast cancer is a malignant tumour that grows in the breast tissue and can spread to the lymph nodes and metastasize to other parts of the body. Targeted therapy is currently developed as a therapeutic management for breast cancer with hormone receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-). This review aims to determine the effectiveness both in terms of clinical and cost on the use of single or combined targeted therapy when compared with conventional therapy, namely chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. The results show that the use of targeted therapy can provide greater health benefits in both single and combination use even though it can increase the cost of therapy.